紫水晶 Amethyst

化学式 SiO2 　　

晶系 三方晶系 　　

硬度 7 　　

比重 2.65 　　

折射率 1.54~1.55 　　

产地 巴西、乌拉圭、桑比亚、印度、南非、阿根廷、韩国





紫水晶颜色带紫，是因为当中渗入了微量Fe（铁）元素。紫水晶是水瓶座的守护石和诞石

紫水晶代表灵性、精神、高层次的爱意，可作对仰慕者的一种定情物、信物。紫水晶作为传统意义上的护身符，通常可驱赶邪运、增强个人运气，并能促进智能，平稳情绪，提高直觉力、帮助思考、集中注意力、增强记忆力，给人勇气与力量。紫色主宰右脑世界，即直觉与潜意识，对于白羊座来说，特别适宜拥有紫水晶，促使其精神集中，提高思维活力，使人能在困扰中沉着思考，冷静面对现实的挑战。

　　紫水晶是水晶家族里面最为高贵美丽的一员，又称风水石，日本人称紫水晶为能源石。紫水晶颜色带紫，因为当中渗入了微量Fe(铁)元素而氧化铁是造成其鲜艳紫色的主因，而浅色的紫水晶则多被加热（大多为人工加热，而经过千万年天然加热而行成的黄水晶相当少量）处理为黄水晶。紫水晶也会形成其他的样式，大多是内向的晶洞（紫晶洞）生长方式，而外向生长的紫水晶簇（市面上最多的是白水晶簇）极为罕见。
　　紫水晶的族群在世界各地分布很广，就以地区及颜色来解释：
　　
【乌拉圭紫水晶】
乌拉圭所出产的紫水晶一直是紫水晶中紫色的最高级色调。这种紫色非常深，非常娇艳，带着酒红色的「火光」。近年来接近停产，是世界各地高级珠宝店中的必备商品。

【韩国紫水晶】
颜色也很深，但主色调有些偏「蓝紫色」。这也是一种很娇艳、讨喜的颜色。可惜，近年来产量也愈来愈少了。

【赞比亚紫水晶】

赞比亚紫水晶通常颗粒较小，净度少有非常好的，但色调奇异，紫色中带有美艳的红色调，佩戴时即使远看也不会发黑，所以价值较高，但可惜产量不大。

【巴西紫水晶】

巴西紫水晶的产量最多，一般来说，颜色都不是最高等级。多半色调不是太浅，就是微带黑色调的偏深的紫色，但是偶尔也会找到色调娇艳的佳品。市面上绝大多数紫水晶产品都来自巴西。

紫黄晶是紫水晶经过天然高温（如地热，温泉或火山爆发）加热后所形成的黄色色带，紫黄晶在水晶界中相当的讨喜，因为本身具备紫水晶的色泽外，又另外具备了黄水晶的质感，并且紫色跟黄色的交接处更是渐层的光透性，相当的漂亮。所以有些商人会将中等浓度的紫水晶进行简单的加热处理以减淡紫水晶的颜色来迎合年轻的购买者。但事实上，将紫水晶长时间暴露在强烈的阳光或较高的温度下，水晶的颜色就会变浅一些，此时再放入水中，颜色又会自行增浓，但不会回复至原有的浓度。

【水晶灵性】

　　紫水晶的能量很高，其能量相对于七轮系统中的眉轮。所以说啰，紫水晶不仅可以开发智慧、帮助思考、集中念力、增加记忆能力，并且可以增加脑细胞的活力及脑袋的运转，对于需要长时间动脑的学生及上班族，紫水晶是不可或缺的水晶宝石利器。
　　
紫水晶也是社交之石，但这边指的社交并不是像粉晶所带来的人缘，而是属于内敛型的心而发吸引之缘，经常佩带有助于常遇贵人，增加机智，提高直觉力与浅意识。
　　
紫水晶在西方国家也代表着「爱的守护石」，能赋予情侣、夫妻间深厚之爱、贞节、诚实及勇气。在希腊教义中，紫水晶是丰饶之神——巴克斯（Bacchus）神秘「性活力」的象征，据说它能将性爱之活力转变为精神活力，对于解决性爱问题及寻得适合对象等也能发挥很大的力量。

紫水晶的枕头也是热门商品，因为其除了可以消除失眠症，增加睡眠品质外，也可促进小脑、右脑及中枢神经的细胞活络。但是要注意，如果是平常睡眠就很正常，或者是自身的能量就很旺的人来睡紫晶枕，那可能在正正得正的效果下，更加的精神亢奋和睡不着。
　　
当主管或上司的长官们也应该多佩带紫水晶饰品，可以消除霸气，带来贵气，加强包容心、容忍性，是最有利于领导统驭的水晶，也可以让部属信服的为您卖命效劳，具有中国风水学里「因贵得财」之意。

【神秘紫水晶，一个美丽的希腊神话……】
　　相传酒神巴斯卡有一次酒后搞恶作剧，将一名叫作阿麦斯特的美丽少女推到一只猛兽面前，恰好女神戴安娜看见了这一切，为使少女免遭残害，便施法术将少女变成了一块白色的石头雕塑，巴斯卡顿然醒悟，后悔不迭，因为他发现他已经被这尊洁白的雕像深深迷住了。伤心之时手中的葡萄酒不小心洒到了雕塑上面，慢慢的这块石头居然变成了美丽的紫水晶，为弥补自己的过失也为了纪念这位少女，酒神于是便以少女的名字“AMETHYST”来命名紫水晶。

紫水晶原本就代表着高贵、典雅、华丽、幽静、高尚、庄重和权势，而这个美丽的传说更是给紫水晶染上了一层浪漫的色彩。在西方习俗中，紫水晶是二月的生辰石，象征诚实、心底善良、广结人缘、平安吉祥和心平气和。同时，由于“情人节”正处于二月，而紫水晶，自然也就成为了情人们互赠的礼品，成了表达爱慕之情的信物，成了相爱到永久的象征。
　　
元1世纪的大学者伊比鸠鲁在他的巨著《博物志》中有“紫色的宝石是维纳斯的眼睛”一说。在西方很多国家，紫水晶不仅作为醒酒之石被点缀在男士的首饰和服饰上，同时还作为表演艺术家们的幸运宝石，受到特殊的青睐。古代罗马人还习惯于二月从事清洗罪孽和祭奠亡灵的仪式，紫水晶被作为禁忌淫逸、防止自我陶醉、保持诚实和理性的象征，因此被镶嵌在主教和神父们的戒指上。

16史记西班牙宫廷画家维拉斯开兹是一位酷爱希腊神话、对紫水晶情有独钟的大艺术家。他以紫水晶所赋予自己的精神与警示，在充满诱惑的菲力普四世的皇宫中，仅凭自己非凡的才华勤谨奉职，深得国王的信赖和宠爱。在他晚年时，亲自为国王设计了一顶以“丰饶”为主题的宝石桂冠，黄金底座上点缀着祖母绿宝石的叶片，主石就是用一块大的紫水晶雕刻的葡萄……这顶桂冠被收藏在维也纳美术历史博物馆。紫水晶是结婚17周年的纪念宝石，原因是这一时期的夫妻感情由于生活负担的繁重，比较容易出现裂缝。赠送紫水晶首饰的目的在于提醒对方：要特别警惕“魔鬼的诱惑”。

在亚洲，无以伦比的高贵紫色也是日本皇室尊严的标志；在欧美，紫水晶还是20岁生日的纪念宝石；另外，紫水晶还是乌拉圭的国石。

Amethyst is the purple variety of quartz and is a popular gemstone. If it were not for its widespread availability, amethyst would be very expensive. The name "amethyst" comes from the Greek and means "not drunken."

This was maybe due to a belief that amethyst would ward off the effects of alcohol, but most likely the Greeks were referring to the almost wine-like color of some stones that they may have encountered. Its color is unparalleled, and even other, more expensive purple gemstones are often compared to its color and beauty. Although it must always be purple to be amethyst, it can and does have a wide range of purple shades.

Amethyst can occur as long prismatic crystals that have a six sided pyramid at either end or can form as druzes that are crystalline crusts that only show the pointed terminations. As a mineral specimen, amethyst is popular for its color and nice crystal shapes that produce a handsome, purple, sparkling cluster.

However, amethyst is not the same everywhere. Different localities can produce a unique amethyst to that particular region or even to that particular mine. Experts can often identify the source mine that a particular amethyst came from. The key to this is the specimen's color, shape of crystal, inclusions, associations and character of formation.
The following is a list of many of the more noteworthy localities and some of the attributes that characterize the amethyst found there.

Vera Cruz, Mexico -- very pale, clear, prismatic crystals that are sometimes double terminated and have grown on a light colored host rock. Crystals are typically phantomed, having a clear quartz interior and an amethyst exterior. Some are sceptered and phantomed.

Guerrero, Mexico -- dark, deep purple, prismatic crystals that radiate outward from a common attachment point. Often the crystals are phantomed opposite of Vera Cruz amethyst having a purple interior with a clear or white quartz exterior. These are some of the most valuable amethysts in the world.

Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul, Bahaia, Brazil -- crystals form in druzy crusts that line the inside of sometimes large volcanic rock pockets or "vugs". Some of the vugs form from trees that were engulfed in a lava flow millions of years ago and have since withered away. Other vugs are just gas bubbles in the lava. Some vugs can be quite large. The crystals that form are usually light to medium in color and only colored at the tops of the crystals. Most clusters form with gray, white and blue agate and have a green exterior on the vugs. Calcite sometimes is associated and inclusions of cacoxenite are common.

Maraba, Brazil -- large crystals with unattractive surfaces that are of a pale to medium color and often carved or cut into slices.
Thunder Bay, Canada -- a distinct red hematite inclusion just below the surface of the crystals is unique to this locality. Clusters are druzy crusts that line the fissures formed in ancient metamorphic rocks.

Uruguay -- crystals are dark to medium and form in druzy crusts that line the inside of volcanic vugs that have a gray or brown exterior. The crystals are usually colored throughout, unlike the Brazilian crystals, and form with a multicolored agate that often contains reds, yellows and oranges. Often amethyst- coated stalactites and other unusual formations occur inside these vugs.

Africa -- crystals are usually large but not attractive. However, the interior color and clarity are excellent and polished slices and carvings as well as many gemstones are prized and admired.

Maine, USA -- Dark druzy clusters that are not widely distributed today.

North Carolina, USA -- Druzy clusters that have a bluish-violet tint.

Pennsylvania, USA -- druzy clusters that filled fractures in metamorphic rocks. They are generally a brownish purple and patchy in color.

Colorado, USA -- druzy clusters form crusts inside of fissures in sandstone, often on top of a crust of green fluorite. Crystals are dark but rather small.

Italy -- both Vera Cruz like crystals, although not as well defined, and large parallel growth clusters with good evenly distributed color.

Germany -- associated with colorful agates that form a druzy light-colored crust.

Ural Mountains, Russia -- a very clear and dark variety that is cut for fine expensive gemstones, natural uncut clusters are rarely on the market.